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rami 2024-05-20 17:39:20 -04:00
parent 884d0f4c7d
commit d9a78dbcd5
16 changed files with 1281 additions and 39 deletions
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7
.gitignore vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
build
html
latex
.cache
compile_commands.json
*.bin
*.iso

4
Makefile
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@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ LIBOBJ := $(addprefix $(BUILDDIR)/, \
KERNELIMG := $(BUILDDIR)/kernel.bin
QEMUFLAGS = -d int -s \
-kernel $(KERNELIMG)
-kernel $(KERNELIMG) \
-machine q35 \
-device piix3-ide,id=ide -drive id=disk,file=image.img,format=raw,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ide.0
.PHONY: all kernel qemu clean docs

14
acpi.h
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@ -37,6 +37,20 @@ struct rsdt {
uint32_t other_sdt[];
};
struct mcfg_entry {
uint64_t base_addr;
uint16_t pci_seg_num;
uint8_t pci_bus_start;
uint8_t pci_bus_end;
uint32_t reserved;
};
struct mcfg {
struct ACPISDTHeader h;
uint64_t reserved;
struct mcfg_entry entries[];
};
struct rsdp *acpi_search_for_rsdp();
int acpi_validate_rsdp_checksum(struct rsdp *s);
int acpi_validate_sdt_checksum(struct ACPISDTHeader *s);

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build/kernel.bin
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build/kmain.o
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build/multiboot.o
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1
image.img Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
hi

120
kmain.c
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@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
#include <multiboot.h>
#include <acpi.h>
#include <vga.h>
#include <printf.h>
#include <strcmp.h>
struct kernel_context {
struct rsdp *rsdp;
@ -10,72 +13,113 @@ struct kernel_context {
struct kernel_context ctx = {0};
int strncmp( const char * s1, const char * s2, int n )
{
while ( n && *s1 && ( *s1 == *s2 ) )
{
++s1;
++s2;
--n;
}
if ( n == 0 )
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return ( *(unsigned char *)s1 - *(unsigned char *)s2 );
}
}
void *findFACP(void *RootSDT)
{
void *acpi_find_sdt(void *RootSDT, const char sig[4]) {
struct rsdt *rsdt = (struct rsdt *) RootSDT;
int entries = (rsdt->h.Length - sizeof(rsdt->h)) / 4;
for (int i = 0; i < entries; i++)
{
struct ACPISDTHeader *h = (struct ACPISDTHeader *) rsdt->other_sdt[i];
if (!strncmp(h->Signature, "FACP", 4))
if (!strncmp(h->Signature, sig, 4))
return (void *) h;
}
// No FACP found
return 0;
}
uint16_t readw(uint32_t addr, uint32_t offset, uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func) {
uint32_t lbus = (uint32_t)bus;
uint32_t lslot = (uint32_t)slot;
uint32_t lfunc = (uint32_t)func;
uint32_t address = addr + offset + ((lbus) << 20 | lslot << 15 | lfunc << 12);
return *(uint16_t *)address;
}
uint8_t readb(uint32_t addr, uint32_t offset, uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func) {
uint32_t lbus = (uint32_t)bus;
uint32_t lslot = (uint32_t)slot;
uint32_t lfunc = (uint32_t)func;
uint32_t address = addr + offset + ((lbus) << 20 | lslot << 15 | lfunc << 12);
return *(uint8_t *)address;
}
uint32_t readd(uint32_t addr, uint32_t offset, uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func) {
uint32_t lbus = (uint32_t)bus;
uint32_t lslot = (uint32_t)slot;
uint32_t lfunc = (uint32_t)func;
uint32_t address = addr + offset + ((lbus) << 20 | lslot << 15 | lfunc << 12);
return *(uint32_t *)address;
}
void kmain(struct multiboot_info *info) {
clear_screen();
// Check if the bootloader gave us the upper and lower memory
if (!(info->flags & 0x1)) goto halt;
char *vmem = (char *)0xb8000;
struct rsdp *found_rsdp = acpi_search_for_rsdp();
if (!found_rsdp) goto halt;
if (!found_rsdp) {
printf("Failed to find RSDP signature\n");
goto halt;
}
printf("RSDP detected at 0x%X\n", found_rsdp);
if (found_rsdp->Revision == ACPI_VER_1) {
// ACPI v1.0 is being used
if (!acpi_validate_rsdp_checksum(found_rsdp)) goto halt;
if (!acpi_validate_rsdp_checksum(found_rsdp)) {
printf("RSDP has an invalid checksum\n");
goto halt;
}
ctx.rsdp = found_rsdp;
ctx.xsdp = 0;
if (!acpi_validate_sdt_checksum((struct ACPISDTHeader *)found_rsdp->RsdtAddress))
if (!acpi_validate_sdt_checksum((struct ACPISDTHeader *)found_rsdp->RsdtAddress)) {
printf("RSDT has an invalid checksum\n");
goto halt;
}
ctx.rsdt = (struct rsdt*)found_rsdp->RsdtAddress;
} else if (found_rsdp->Revision == ACPI_VER_OTHER) {
// ACPI v2.0+ is being used
// not supported yet....
goto halt;
} else goto halt;
printf("RSDT detected at 0x%X\n", found_rsdp->RsdtAddress);
} else if (found_rsdp->Revision == ACPI_VER_OTHER) {
printf("ACPI versions higher than 1.0 are not supported\n");
goto halt;
} else {
printf("Invalid RSDP\n");
goto halt;
}
printf("Using ACPI v1.0\n");
struct mcfg *mcfg = acpi_find_sdt(ctx.rsdt, "MCFG");
if (!mcfg) {
printf("Failed to find MCFG\n");
goto halt;
}
printf("Detected MCFG at 0x%X\n", mcfg);
int entries = (mcfg->h.Length - 44) / 16;
for (int i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
uint32_t addr = (uint32_t)mcfg->entries[i].base_addr;
for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
uint32_t word = readd(addr, 8, i, j, k);
if (word != 0xFFFFFFFF && word) {
printf("%08X\n", word >> 8);
}
}
}
}
void *fadt = findFACP(ctx.rsdt);
if (!fadt) goto halt;
char *next_sig = (char *)fadt;
vmem[0] = next_sig[0];
vmem[2] = next_sig[1];
vmem[4] = next_sig[2];
vmem[6] = next_sig[3];
halt:
for (;;) {}
}

914
printf.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,914 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
// 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
//
// \license The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and (v)snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on
// embedded systems with a very limited resources. These routines are thread
// safe and reentrant!
// Use this instead of the bloated standard/newlib printf cause these use
// malloc for printf (and may not be thread safe).
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "printf.h"
// define this globally (e.g. gcc -DPRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H ...) to include the
// printf_config.h header file
// default: undefined
#ifdef PRINTF_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H
#include "printf_config.h"
#endif
// 'ntoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted
// numeric number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)
// default: 32 byte
#ifndef PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE
#define PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U
#endif
// 'ftoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted
// float number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)
// default: 32 byte
#ifndef PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE
#define PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE 32U
#endif
// support for the floating point type (%f)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#endif
// support for exponential floating point notation (%e/%g)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif
// define the default floating point precision
// default: 6 digits
#ifndef PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION
#define PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION 6U
#endif
// define the largest float suitable to print with %f
// default: 1e9
#ifndef PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT 1e9
#endif
// support for the long long types (%llu or %p)
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#endif
// support for the ptrdiff_t type (%t)
// ptrdiff_t is normally defined in <stddef.h> as long or long long type
// default: activated
#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T
#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T
#endif
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// internal flag definitions
#define FLAGS_ZEROPAD (1U << 0U)
#define FLAGS_LEFT (1U << 1U)
#define FLAGS_PLUS (1U << 2U)
#define FLAGS_SPACE (1U << 3U)
#define FLAGS_HASH (1U << 4U)
#define FLAGS_UPPERCASE (1U << 5U)
#define FLAGS_CHAR (1U << 6U)
#define FLAGS_SHORT (1U << 7U)
#define FLAGS_LONG (1U << 8U)
#define FLAGS_LONG_LONG (1U << 9U)
#define FLAGS_PRECISION (1U << 10U)
#define FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP (1U << 11U)
// import float.h for DBL_MAX
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
#include <float.h>
#endif
// output function type
typedef void (*out_fct_type)(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen);
// wrapper (used as buffer) for output function type
typedef struct {
void (*fct)(char character, void* arg);
void* arg;
} out_fct_wrap_type;
// internal buffer output
static inline void _out_buffer(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
if (idx < maxlen) {
((char*)buffer)[idx] = character;
}
}
// internal null output
static inline void _out_null(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)character; (void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;
}
// internal _putchar wrapper
static inline void _out_char(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;
if (character) {
_putchar(character);
}
}
// internal output function wrapper
static inline void _out_fct(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)
{
(void)idx; (void)maxlen;
if (character) {
// buffer is the output fct pointer
((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->fct(character, ((out_fct_wrap_type*)buffer)->arg);
}
}
// internal secure strlen
// \return The length of the string (excluding the terminating 0) limited by 'maxsize'
static inline unsigned int _strnlen_s(const char* str, size_t maxsize)
{
const char* s;
for (s = str; *s && maxsize--; ++s);
return (unsigned int)(s - str);
}
// internal test if char is a digit (0-9)
// \return true if char is a digit
static inline bool _is_digit(char ch)
{
return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');
}
// internal ASCII string to unsigned int conversion
static unsigned int _atoi(const char** str)
{
unsigned int i = 0U;
while (_is_digit(**str)) {
i = i * 10U + (unsigned int)(*((*str)++) - '0');
}
return i;
}
// output the specified string in reverse, taking care of any zero-padding
static size_t _out_rev(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, const char* buf, size_t len, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
const size_t start_idx = idx;
// pad spaces up to given width
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && !(flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {
for (size_t i = len; i < width; i++) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// reverse string
while (len) {
out(buf[--len], buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
// append pad spaces up to given width
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (idx - start_idx < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
return idx;
}
// internal itoa format
static size_t _ntoa_format(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, char* buf, size_t len, bool negative, unsigned int base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
// pad leading zeros
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
if (width && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {
width--;
}
while ((len < prec) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
while ((flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (len < width) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
// handle hash
if (flags & FLAGS_HASH) {
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) && len && ((len == prec) || (len == width))) {
len--;
if (len && (base == 16U)) {
len--;
}
}
if ((base == 16U) && !(flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'x';
}
else if ((base == 16U) && (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'X';
}
else if ((base == 2U) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = 'b';
}
if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
if (negative) {
buf[len++] = '-';
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {
buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {
buf[len++] = ' ';
}
}
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);
}
// internal itoa for 'long' type
static size_t _ntoa_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long value, bool negative, unsigned long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
// no hash for 0 values
if (!value) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;
}
// write if precision != 0 and value is != 0
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {
do {
const char digit = (char)(value % base);
buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;
value /= base;
} while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));
}
return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);
}
// internal itoa for 'long long' type
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
static size_t _ntoa_long_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long long value, bool negative, unsigned long long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
// no hash for 0 values
if (!value) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;
}
// write if precision != 0 and value is != 0
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {
do {
const char digit = (char)(value % base);
buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;
value /= base;
} while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));
}
return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);
}
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
// forward declaration so that _ftoa can switch to exp notation for values > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT
static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags);
#endif
// internal ftoa for fixed decimal floating point
static size_t _ftoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
char buf[PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t len = 0U;
double diff = 0.0;
// powers of 10
static const double pow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };
// test for special values
if (value != value)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "nan", 3, width, flags);
if (value < -DBL_MAX)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "fni-", 4, width, flags);
if (value > DBL_MAX)
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? "fni+" : "fni", (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? 4U : 3U, width, flags);
// test for very large values
// standard printf behavior is to print EVERY whole number digit -- which could be 100s of characters overflowing your buffers == bad
if ((value > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT) || (value < -PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT)) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
return _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);
#else
return 0U;
#endif
}
// test for negative
bool negative = false;
if (value < 0) {
negative = true;
value = 0 - value;
}
// set default precision, if not set explicitly
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;
}
// limit precision to 9, cause a prec >= 10 can lead to overflow errors
while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (prec > 9U)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
prec--;
}
int whole = (int)value;
double tmp = (value - whole) * pow10[prec];
unsigned long frac = (unsigned long)tmp;
diff = tmp - frac;
if (diff > 0.5) {
++frac;
// handle rollover, e.g. case 0.99 with prec 1 is 1.0
if (frac >= pow10[prec]) {
frac = 0;
++whole;
}
}
else if (diff < 0.5) {
}
else if ((frac == 0U) || (frac & 1U)) {
// if halfway, round up if odd OR if last digit is 0
++frac;
}
if (prec == 0U) {
diff = value - (double)whole;
if ((!(diff < 0.5) || (diff > 0.5)) && (whole & 1)) {
// exactly 0.5 and ODD, then round up
// 1.5 -> 2, but 2.5 -> 2
++whole;
}
}
else {
unsigned int count = prec;
// now do fractional part, as an unsigned number
while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
--count;
buf[len++] = (char)(48U + (frac % 10U));
if (!(frac /= 10U)) {
break;
}
}
// add extra 0s
while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (count-- > 0U)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
// add decimal
buf[len++] = '.';
}
}
// do whole part, number is reversed
while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
buf[len++] = (char)(48 + (whole % 10));
if (!(whole /= 10)) {
break;
}
}
// pad leading zeros
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {
if (width && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {
width--;
}
while ((len < width) && (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
buf[len++] = '0';
}
}
if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
if (negative) {
buf[len++] = '-';
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {
buf[len++] = '+'; // ignore the space if the '+' exists
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {
buf[len++] = ' ';
}
}
return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);
}
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
// internal ftoa variant for exponential floating-point type, contributed by Martijn Jasperse <m.jasperse@gmail.com>
static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)
{
// check for NaN and special values
if ((value != value) || (value > DBL_MAX) || (value < -DBL_MAX)) {
return _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);
}
// determine the sign
const bool negative = value < 0;
if (negative) {
value = -value;
}
// default precision
if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;
}
// determine the decimal exponent
// based on the algorithm by David Gay (https://www.ampl.com/netlib/fp/dtoa.c)
union {
uint64_t U;
double F;
} conv;
conv.F = value;
int exp2 = (int)((conv.U >> 52U) & 0x07FFU) - 1023; // effectively log2
conv.U = (conv.U & ((1ULL << 52U) - 1U)) | (1023ULL << 52U); // drop the exponent so conv.F is now in [1,2)
// now approximate log10 from the log2 integer part and an expansion of ln around 1.5
int expval = (int)(0.1760912590558 + exp2 * 0.301029995663981 + (conv.F - 1.5) * 0.289529654602168);
// now we want to compute 10^expval but we want to be sure it won't overflow
exp2 = (int)(expval * 3.321928094887362 + 0.5);
const double z = expval * 2.302585092994046 - exp2 * 0.6931471805599453;
const double z2 = z * z;
conv.U = (uint64_t)(exp2 + 1023) << 52U;
// compute exp(z) using continued fractions, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function#Continued_fractions_for_ex
conv.F *= 1 + 2 * z / (2 - z + (z2 / (6 + (z2 / (10 + z2 / 14)))));
// correct for rounding errors
if (value < conv.F) {
expval--;
conv.F /= 10;
}
// the exponent format is "%+03d" and largest value is "307", so set aside 4-5 characters
unsigned int minwidth = ((expval < 100) && (expval > -100)) ? 4U : 5U;
// in "%g" mode, "prec" is the number of *significant figures* not decimals
if (flags & FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP) {
// do we want to fall-back to "%f" mode?
if ((value >= 1e-4) && (value < 1e6)) {
if ((int)prec > expval) {
prec = (unsigned)((int)prec - expval - 1);
}
else {
prec = 0;
}
flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION; // make sure _ftoa respects precision
// no characters in exponent
minwidth = 0U;
expval = 0;
}
else {
// we use one sigfig for the whole part
if ((prec > 0) && (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {
--prec;
}
}
}
// will everything fit?
unsigned int fwidth = width;
if (width > minwidth) {
// we didn't fall-back so subtract the characters required for the exponent
fwidth -= minwidth;
} else {
// not enough characters, so go back to default sizing
fwidth = 0U;
}
if ((flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && minwidth) {
// if we're padding on the right, DON'T pad the floating part
fwidth = 0U;
}
// rescale the float value
if (expval) {
value /= conv.F;
}
// output the floating part
const size_t start_idx = idx;
idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, negative ? -value : value, prec, fwidth, flags & ~FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP);
// output the exponent part
if (minwidth) {
// output the exponential symbol
out((flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
// output the exponent value
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (expval < 0) ? -expval : expval, expval < 0, 10, 0, minwidth-1, FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_PLUS);
// might need to right-pad spaces
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (idx - start_idx < width) out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
return idx;
}
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
// internal vsnprintf
static int _vsnprintf(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, const size_t maxlen, const char* format, va_list va)
{
unsigned int flags, width, precision, n;
size_t idx = 0U;
if (!buffer) {
// use null output function
out = _out_null;
}
while (*format)
{
// format specifier? %[flags][width][.precision][length]
if (*format != '%') {
// no
out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
continue;
}
else {
// yes, evaluate it
format++;
}
// evaluate flags
flags = 0U;
do {
switch (*format) {
case '0': flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '-': flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '+': flags |= FLAGS_PLUS; format++; n = 1U; break;
case ' ': flags |= FLAGS_SPACE; format++; n = 1U; break;
case '#': flags |= FLAGS_HASH; format++; n = 1U; break;
default : n = 0U; break;
}
} while (n);
// evaluate width field
width = 0U;
if (_is_digit(*format)) {
width = _atoi(&format);
}
else if (*format == '*') {
const int w = va_arg(va, int);
if (w < 0) {
flags |= FLAGS_LEFT; // reverse padding
width = (unsigned int)-w;
}
else {
width = (unsigned int)w;
}
format++;
}
// evaluate precision field
precision = 0U;
if (*format == '.') {
flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION;
format++;
if (_is_digit(*format)) {
precision = _atoi(&format);
}
else if (*format == '*') {
const int prec = (int)va_arg(va, int);
precision = prec > 0 ? (unsigned int)prec : 0U;
format++;
}
}
// evaluate length field
switch (*format) {
case 'l' :
flags |= FLAGS_LONG;
format++;
if (*format == 'l') {
flags |= FLAGS_LONG_LONG;
format++;
}
break;
case 'h' :
flags |= FLAGS_SHORT;
format++;
if (*format == 'h') {
flags |= FLAGS_CHAR;
format++;
}
break;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T)
case 't' :
flags |= (sizeof(ptrdiff_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
#endif
case 'j' :
flags |= (sizeof(intmax_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
case 'z' :
flags |= (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);
format++;
break;
default :
break;
}
// evaluate specifier
switch (*format) {
case 'd' :
case 'i' :
case 'u' :
case 'x' :
case 'X' :
case 'o' :
case 'b' : {
// set the base
unsigned int base;
if (*format == 'x' || *format == 'X') {
base = 16U;
}
else if (*format == 'o') {
base = 8U;
}
else if (*format == 'b') {
base = 2U;
}
else {
base = 10U;
flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH; // no hash for dec format
}
// uppercase
if (*format == 'X') {
flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
}
// no plus or space flag for u, x, X, o, b
if ((*format != 'i') && (*format != 'd')) {
flags &= ~(FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE);
}
// ignore '0' flag when precision is given
if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {
flags &= ~FLAGS_ZEROPAD;
}
// convert the integer
if ((*format == 'i') || (*format == 'd')) {
// signed
if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
const long long value = va_arg(va, long long);
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
#endif
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {
const long value = va_arg(va, long);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
const int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (char)va_arg(va, int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (short int)va_arg(va, int) : va_arg(va, int);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned int)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);
}
}
else {
// unsigned
if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long long), false, base, precision, width, flags);
#endif
}
else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long), false, base, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
const unsigned int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (unsigned char)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (unsigned short int)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : va_arg(va, unsigned int);
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, false, base, precision, width, flags);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)
case 'f' :
case 'F' :
if (*format == 'F') flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);
format++;
break;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'g':
case 'G':
if ((*format == 'g')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP;
if ((*format == 'E')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
idx = _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);
format++;
break;
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#endif // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT
case 'c' : {
unsigned int l = 1U;
// pre padding
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// char output
out((char)va_arg(va, int), buffer, idx++, maxlen);
// post padding
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
case 's' : {
const char* p = va_arg(va, char*);
unsigned int l = _strnlen_s(p, precision ? precision : (size_t)-1);
// pre padding
if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {
l = (l < precision ? l : precision);
}
if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
// string output
while ((*p != 0) && (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || precision--)) {
out(*(p++), buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
// post padding
if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {
while (l++ < width) {
out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
}
}
format++;
break;
}
case 'p' : {
width = sizeof(void*) * 2U;
flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_UPPERCASE;
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
const bool is_ll = sizeof(uintptr_t) == sizeof(long long);
if (is_ll) {
idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);
}
else {
#endif
idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*)), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);
#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)
}
#endif
format++;
break;
}
case '%' :
out('%', buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
break;
default :
out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);
format++;
break;
}
}
// termination
out((char)0, buffer, idx < maxlen ? idx : maxlen - 1U, maxlen);
// return written chars without terminating \0
return (int)idx;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int printf_(const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
char buffer[1];
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va)
{
char buffer[1];
return _vsnprintf(_out_char, buffer, (size_t)-1, format, va);
}
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va)
{
return _vsnprintf(_out_buffer, buffer, count, format, va);
}
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, format);
const out_fct_wrap_type out_fct_wrap = { out, arg };
const int ret = _vsnprintf(_out_fct, (char*)(uintptr_t)&out_fct_wrap, (size_t)-1, format, va);
va_end(va);
return ret;
}

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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)
// 2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany
//
// \license The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on
// embedded systems with a very limited resources.
// Use this instead of bloated standard/newlib printf.
// These routines are thread safe and reentrant.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _PRINTF_H_
#define _PRINTF_H_
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL
#define PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* Output a character to a custom device like UART, used by the printf() function
* This function is declared here only. You have to write your custom implementation somewhere
* \param character Character to output
*/
void _putchar(char character);
/**
* Tiny printf implementation
* You have to implement _putchar if you use printf()
* To avoid conflicts with the regular printf() API it is overridden by macro defines
* and internal underscore-appended functions like printf_() are used
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are written into the array, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define printf printf_
int printf_(const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny sprintf implementation
* Due to security reasons (buffer overflow) YOU SHOULD CONSIDER USING (V)SNPRINTF INSTEAD!
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string. MUST be big enough to store the output!
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define sprintf sprintf_
int sprintf_(char* buffer, const char* format, ...);
/**
* Tiny snprintf/vsnprintf implementation
* \param buffer A pointer to the buffer where to store the formatted string
* \param count The maximum number of characters to store in the buffer, including a terminating null character
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that COULD have been written into the buffer, not counting the terminating
* null character. A value equal or larger than count indicates truncation. Only when the returned value
* is non-negative and less than count, the string has been completely written.
*/
#define snprintf snprintf_
#define vsnprintf vsnprintf_
int snprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, ...);
int vsnprintf_(char* buffer, size_t count, const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* Tiny vprintf implementation
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \param va A value identifying a variable arguments list
* \return The number of characters that are WRITTEN into the buffer, not counting the terminating null character
*/
#define vprintf vprintf_
int vprintf_(const char* format, va_list va);
/**
* printf with output function
* You may use this as dynamic alternative to printf() with its fixed _putchar() output
* \param out An output function which takes one character and an argument pointer
* \param arg An argument pointer for user data passed to output function
* \param format A string that specifies the format of the output
* \return The number of characters that are sent to the output function, not counting the terminating null character
*/
int fctprintf(void (*out)(char character, void* arg), void* arg, const char* format, ...);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif // _PRINTF_H_

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#include <strcmp.h>
int strncmp( const char * s1, const char * s2, int n ) {
while ( n && *s1 && ( *s1 == *s2 ) )
{
++s1;
++s2;
--n;
}
if ( n == 0 )
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return ( *(unsigned char *)s1 - *(unsigned char *)s2 );
}
}

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#ifndef RK_STRCMP_
#define RK_STRCMP_
int strncmp( const char * s1, const char * s2, int n );
#endif

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/**
* @file vga.c
* @brief Basic functions for interacting with the CRTC controller in VGA text-mode.
* @author rami
* @version 0.1
* @date 2024-02-03
*/
#include <vga.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <printf.h>
uint16_t get_cursor_pos() {
uint16_t pos = 0;
/* Tell CRTC controller we want the low cursor position */
outportb(CRTC_ADDR_PORT, CRTC_CURSOR_LO_REGISTER);
/* Read it through the data port */
pos = inportb(CRTC_DATA_PORT);
/* Repeat with high position */
outportb(CRTC_ADDR_PORT, CRTC_CURSOR_HI_REGISTER);
uint16_t hi_pos = 0;
hi_pos = inportb(CRTC_DATA_PORT);
pos |= hi_pos << 8;
return pos;
}
void set_cursor_pos(uint16_t pos) {
/* Tell CRTC controller we want the low cursor position */
outportb(CRTC_ADDR_PORT, CRTC_CURSOR_LO_REGISTER);
outportb(CRTC_DATA_PORT, (uint8_t)(pos & 0xFF));
/* Repeat with high position */
outportb(CRTC_ADDR_PORT, CRTC_CURSOR_HI_REGISTER);
outportb(CRTC_DATA_PORT, (uint8_t)((pos >> 8) & 0xFF));
}
void clear_screen(void) {
char *video_memory = (char *)VGA_MEMORY_ADDR;
for (int i = 0; i < VGA_MAX_COLS * VGA_MAX_ROWS; i++) {
video_memory[i * 2] = 0;
}
set_cursor_pos(0);
}
/* Implementation of _putchar. Function is defined in print.h */
void _putchar(char character) {
uint16_t pos = get_cursor_pos();
char *video_memory = (char *)VGA_MEMORY_ADDR + pos * 2;
if (character == '\n') {
uint16_t next_line = VGA_MAX_COLS * (pos / VGA_MAX_COLS + 1);
set_cursor_pos(next_line);
} else {
video_memory[0] = character;
video_memory[1] = WHITE_ON_BLACK;
set_cursor_pos(pos + 1);
}
}
void popchar() {
uint16_t pos = get_cursor_pos();
if (pos == 0) return;
char *video_memory = (char *)(VGA_MEMORY_ADDR + (pos - 1) * 2);
video_memory[0] = 0;
set_cursor_pos(pos - 1);
}

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#ifndef RK_VGA_H_
#define RK_VGA_H_
#include <stdint.h>
/*
* Location of the linear text buffer
* Used to directly modify text on screen
* 80 columns by 25 rows
*/
#define VGA_MEMORY_ADDR 0xb8000
#define VGA_MAX_COLS 80
#define VGA_MAX_ROWS 25
#define WHITE_ON_BLACK 0x0f
#define CRTC_ADDR_PORT 0x3d4
#define CRTC_DATA_PORT 0x3d5
#define CRTC_CURSOR_LO_REGISTER 0x0f
#define CRTC_CURSOR_HI_REGISTER 0x0e
/**
* @brief Gets the text-mode cursor's position.
*
* @return The position, not offset, of the cursor. Multiply this by two for the offset.
*/
uint16_t get_cursor_pos();
/**
* @brief Sets the cursor's position in VGA text-mode.
*
* @param pos The position, not offset, of the cursor. Multiply by two for the offset.
*/
void set_cursor_pos(uint16_t pos);
/**
* @brief Clears the screen in VGA text-mode by overwriting every character with a zero, then resets the cursor position.
*/
void clear_screen(void);
void popchar();
#endif